Experimentally used primers

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No	Genome	Strains	Accessions	Gene	Primer sequence	Start-Stop	Technique	Pubmed ID
1	nCoV	Wuhan-Hu-1	MN908947	N	TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	NA NA	RT-PCR	32031583
2	nCoV	Wuhan-Hu-1	MN908947	1b	TGGGGYTTTACRGGTAACCT AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	NA NA	RT-PCR	32031583
3	MERS-CoV	MERS-CoV/KOR/KNIH/002_05_2015	KT029139	N	GAGCTTAGGCTCTTTAGTAAG TTTTTTTTTTTTGCAAATCATCTAATTAGCCTAA	28500-28520 30067-30100	RT-Lamp	28119682
4	MERS-CoV	MERS-CoV/KOR/KNIH/002_05_2015	KT029139	N	GGAATGGAATTAAGCAACTGGC CGCGAATTGTGTAACAATAGCT	28828-28849 28997-29018	RT-Lamp	28119682
5	MERS-CoV	MERS-CoV/KOR/KNIH/002_05_2015	KT029139	N	ACAGCCCGGAATGGGAG+GTGGTACTTCTACTACACTGGAA TAAGGATGGCATCGTTTGGGT+TCATTGTTAGGGTTCCGCG	28896-28912+28856-28878 28913-28933+28975-28993	RT-Lamp	28119682
6	MERS-CoV	MERS-CoV/KOR/KNIH/002_05_2015	KT029139	N	TGCTGCTTCGGGTCCAG GCGCCACTGATGCTCCTTC	28879-28895 28945-28963	RT-Lamp	28119682
7	SARS-CoV	England 1	KC164505.2	1ab	CTAPTCCPCCAPCPAPC-GAGGAGGTTGTTCTCAAG*A*A*C*G CAGPAAGPGGTPGPTPG-GTAAACCAGGAGACAAT*G*C*G*C	NA NA	RT-PCR	26299645, 27421627
8	MERS-CoV	NA	KC164505.2	1a	CTAPTCCPCCAPCPAPC-GATGTTGCTAACCCTAGCACT*C*C*A*G CAGPAAGPGGTPGPTPG-CACACTACCCTCCTTGGTGTAAC*C*A*A*C	NA NA	RT-PCR	26299645
9	MERS-CoV	NA	KC164505.2	S	CTAPTCCPCCAPCPAPC-GCTGATCCTGGTTATATGCAAGGT*T*A*C*G CAGPAAGPGGTPGPTPG-CAACACCTGCTATGCTGC*C*A*A*G	NA NA	RT-PCR	26299645
10	MERS-CoV	NA	KC164505.2	1b	CTAPTCCPCCAPCPAPC-GTCAAGACCTTGGCGTAGTATC*C*A*A*G CAGPAAGPGGTPGPTPG-GGTTTCCAATCTGCAGAAG*C*C*T*G	NA NA	RT-PCR	26299645
11	MERS-CoV	NA	KC164505.2	S	CTAPTCCPCCAPCPAPC-GCAAGGTTACGATGATTG*C*A*T*G CAGPAAGPGGTPGPTPG-CAGCAAAGGAGGATAAG*C*C*A*G	NA NA	RT-PCR	26299645
12	MERS-CoV	NA	KC164505.2	1a	CTAPTCCPCCAPCPAPC-CATGCTATTGCTTTAACGCTG*A*G*G*G CAGPAAGPGGTPGPTPG-GTCTCAGAAATGCACTCTGATTCAC*C*T*T*C	NA NA	RT-PCR	26299645, 27421627
13	MERS-CoV	NA	KC164505.2	N and ORF8b	CTAPTCCPCCAPCPAPC-CTGGCATTGTAGCAGCTGTT*T*C*A*G CAGPAAGPGGTPGPTPG-GAGTGGACGTACGACAGTTG*T*A*C*C	NA NA	RT-PCR	26299645, 27421627
14	HCoV-229E	229E	AF304460	RdRp	AAGTTTTATGGCGGGTGG TGGGATGGGACTATCCTAAGT	NA NA	RT-PCR	29499225
15	HCoV-NL63	Amsterdam I	AY567487	RdRp	AAATTTTATGGTGGTTGG TGGGTTGGGATTATCCCAAAT	NA NA	RT-PCR	29499225
16	HCoV-OC43	OC43 ATCC-VR-759	AY391777	RdRp	AAATTTTATGGTGGCTGG TGGGTTGGGATTATCCTAAGT	NA NA	RT-PCR	29499225
17	SARS-CoV	BJ202	AY864806	RdRp	AAGTTTTACGGTGGCTGG TGGGTTGGGATTATCCAAAAT	NA NA	RT-PCR	29499225
18	HCoV-229E	229E ATCC-VR-740	NA	NA	CGGGATCCGAAGGTGTCGTCTGGGTTGC CCGCTCGAGCTGCACTTCCAAAGTTGTG	NA NA	RT-PCR	19955814
19	HCoV-229E	229E	NA	NA	CGGGATCCATGTTTGTTTTGCTTGTTG CCGCTCGAGGAAGCTAACGCAACAGTAC	NA NA	RT-PCR	19955814
20	HCoV-229E	229E	NA	NA	CGGGATCCACTGGCGTCCCACAACCTG CCGCTCGAGGTGAGCATCTCACTAACATC	NA NA	RT-PCR	19955814
21	HCoV-229E	229E	NA	NA	CGGGATCCAGCAAACTTGTTACTTCTGG CCGCTCGAGGTCTGGAAGCACGAACTTC	NA NA	RT-PCR	19955814
22	HCoV-229E	229E	NA	NA	CGGGATCCTGTGGAAATGGCACTCACA CGCTCGAGCAACGTCGTAATAAGGAAG	NA NA	RT-PCR	19955814
23	HCoV-229E	229E	NA	NA	CGGGATCCCAGAACAATGAAATAATGCC CCGCTCGAGGTCCGGTCACATGTACAGC	NA NA	RT-PCR	19955814
24	HCoV-229E	229E	NA	NA	CGGGATCCCACAAAAGGGTGATGCTGC CCGCTCGAGCATCACCAGAAGTTGTACCACC	NA NA	RT-PCR	19955814
25	HCoV-229E	229E	NA	NA	CGGGATCCCTATGATGATTCTTTCTGATG CCGCTCGAGTGTGTTACACACATATGGTG	NA NA	RT-PCR	19955814
26	HCoV-229E	229E	NA	NA	CGGGATCCGACTACAAGCTTGCTAATG CCGCTCGAGGCACAGAGCGAATCAACAGC	NA NA	RT-PCR	19955814
27	HCoV-229E	229E	NA	NA	CGGGATCCGACATTGTTGTCGTGGATG CCGCTCGAGCTTTGCTCTAGTAATGGCAAC	NA NA	RT-PCR	19955814
28	HCoV-229E	229E	NA	NA	CGGGATCCGATGTGGAAGGTGCACATG CCGCTCGAGCATATCCACATTACAATTCC	NA NA	RT-PCR	19955814
29	HCoV-229E	229E	NA	NA	CGGGATCCGGTGCTGATGGTGAATTACC CCGCTCGAGTCACCATACACAACGTGCTC	NA NA	RT-PCR	19955814
30	HCoV-229E	229E	NA	NA	CGGGATCCATCCTCAGTTGCAGAGTGC CCGCTCGAGCCATCTATAAAAGGTCCTTG	NA NA	RT-PCR	19955814
31	HCoV-229E	229E	NA	NA	CGGGATCCATGTCAAATGACAATTGTAC CCGCTCGAGGAAAAAATGAAGCAATCTTTC	NA NA	RT-PCR	19955814
32	HCoV-229E	229E	NA	NA	CGGGATCCGATCTTAATGCTAATATGTC CCGCTCGAGGCCAAACTTAGCATAATGCC	NA NA	RT-PCR	19955814
33	Universal	-	NA	RdRp	ACTCA(A/G)(A/T)T(A/G)AAT(T/C)TNAAATA(T/C)GC TCACA(C/T)TT(A/T)GGATA(G/A)TCCCA	NA NA	RT-PCR	19955814
34	HCoV-NL63	NL63	NA	N	CTGATGGTGTTGTTTGGGTTGC AGAATCAGAACGAGTGCGAGAC	NA NA	RT-PCR	26746130
35	HCoV-NL63	NL63	NA	1a	CTTTTGATAACGGTCACTATG CTCATTACATAAAACATCAAA CGG	NA NA	Nested PCR	26746130
36	HCoV-NL63	NL63	NA	1a	GGTCACTATGTAGTTTATGATG GGATTTTTCATAACCACTTAC	NA NA	Nested PCR	26746130
37	MERS-CoV	England 1, HCoV-EMC, England/Qatar/2012*, Jordan-N3/2012, Munich,Al-Hasa_1_2013, Al-Hasa_2_2013, Al-Hasa_3_2013, Al-Hasa_4_2013, Al-Hasa_15_2013, Al-Hasa_16_2013, Al-Hasa_12_2013, Riyadh_1_2012, Riyadh_2_2012, Buraidah_1_2013, Al-Hasa_17_2013, Al-Hasa_18_2013, Al-Hasa_19_2013, Bisha_1_2012, Riyadh_3_2013, Hafr-Al-Batin_1_2013, 229E/human/USA/933-40/1993, HKU1/human/USA/HKU1-18/2010, NL63/RPTEC/2004, ATCC VR-759, Tor2, LMH03f	KC164505.2, JX869059.2, KC667074.1, KC776174.1, KF192507.1, KF186567.1*, KF186566.1, KF186565.1, KF186564.1, KF600645.1, KF600644.1, KF600627.1, KF600612.1, KF600652.1, KF600630.1, KF600647.1, KF600651.1, KF600632.1, KF600620.1, KF600613.1, KF600628.1, KF514433.1, KF430201.1, JX504050.1, NC_005147.1, NC_004718.3, EF065509.1	1b	ACAGTTCCTGGATATCCTAAG CTCAGTGTCTACAACACCA	NA NA	RT-PCR	25856093
38	MERS-CoV	England 1, HCoV-EMC, England/Qatar/2012*, Jordan-N3/2012, Munich,Al-Hasa_1_2013, Al-Hasa_2_2013, Al-Hasa_3_2013, Al-Hasa_4_2013, Al-Hasa_15_2013, Al-Hasa_16_2013, Al-Hasa_12_2013, Riyadh_1_2012, Riyadh_2_2012, Buraidah_1_2013, Al-Hasa_17_2013, Al-Hasa_18_2013, Al-Hasa_19_2013, Bisha_1_2012, Riyadh_3_2013, Hafr-Al-Batin_1_2013, 229E/human/USA/933-40/1993, HKU1/human/USA/HKU1-18/2010, NL63/RPTEC/2004, ATCC VR-759, Tor2, LMH03f	KC164505.2, JX869059.2, KC667074.1, KC776174.1, KF192507.1, KF186567.1*, KF186566.1, KF186565.1, KF186564.1, KF600645.1, KF600644.1, KF600627.1, KF600612.1, KF600652.1, KF600630.1, KF600647.1, KF600651.1, KF600632.1, KF600620.1, KF600613.1, KF600628.1, KF514433.1, KF430201.1, JX504050.1, NC_005147.1, NC_004718.3, EF065509.1	1b	AGCACCCTCAACATCGAAGCACTCGTGAAGAGGCTGTA TGCTTCCCGTAATGCATGTGGACTGGCTGAACAACAAAGT	NA NA	RT-PCR	25856093
39	MERS-CoV	England 1, HCoV-EMC, England/Qatar/2012*, Jordan-N3/2012, Munich,Al-Hasa_1_2013, Al-Hasa_2_2013, Al-Hasa_3_2013, Al-Hasa_4_2013, Al-Hasa_15_2013, Al-Hasa_16_2013, Al-Hasa_12_2013, Riyadh_1_2012, Riyadh_2_2012, Buraidah_1_2013, Al-Hasa_17_2013, Al-Hasa_18_2013, Al-Hasa_19_2013, Bisha_1_2012, Riyadh_3_2013, Hafr-Al-Batin_1_2013, 229E/human/USA/933-40/1993, HKU1/human/USA/HKU1-18/2010, NL63/RPTEC/2004, ATCC VR-759, Tor2, LMH03f	KC164505.2, JX869059.2, KC667074.1, KC776174.1, KF192507.1, KF186567.1*, KF186566.1, KF186565.1, KF186564.1, KF600645.1, KF600644.1, KF600627.1, KF600612.1, KF600652.1, KF600630.1, KF600647.1, KF600651.1, KF600632.1, KF600620.1, KF600613.1, KF600628.1, KF514433.1, KF430201.1, JX504050.1, NC_005147.1, NC_004718.3, EF065509.1	E	AGTAAGATTAGCCTAGTTTCTGT TCCATATGTCCAAAGAGAGAC	NA NA	RT-PCR	25856093
40	MERS-CoV	England 1, HCoV-EMC, England/Qatar/2012*, Jordan-N3/2012, Munich,Al-Hasa_1_2013, Al-Hasa_2_2013, Al-Hasa_3_2013, Al-Hasa_4_2013, Al-Hasa_15_2013, Al-Hasa_16_2013, Al-Hasa_12_2013, Riyadh_1_2012, Riyadh_2_2012, Buraidah_1_2013, Al-Hasa_17_2013, Al-Hasa_18_2013, Al-Hasa_19_2013, Bisha_1_2012, Riyadh_3_2013, Hafr-Al-Batin_1_2013, 229E/human/USA/933-40/1993, HKU1/human/USA/HKU1-18/2010, NL63/RPTEC/2004, ATCC VR-759, Tor2, LMH03f	KC164505.2, JX869059.2, KC667074.1, KC776174.1, KF192507.1, KF186567.1*, KF186566.1, KF186565.1, KF186564.1, KF600645.1, KF600644.1, KF600627.1, KF600612.1, KF600652.1, KF600630.1, KF600647.1, KF600651.1, KF600632.1, KF600620.1, KF600613.1, KF600628.1, KF514433.1, KF430201.1, JX504050.1, NC_005147.1, NC_004718.3, EF065509.1	E	GAGGAACTGAATCGCGCGTTGACTTCTCCTTAAACGGCA TTCACATAATCGCCCCGAGCTAATGGATTAGCCTCTACACG	NA NA	RT-PCR	25856093
41	MERS-CoV	England 1, HCoV-EMC, England/Qatar/2012*, Jordan-N3/2012, Munich,Al-Hasa_1_2013, Al-Hasa_2_2013, Al-Hasa_3_2013, Al-Hasa_4_2013, Al-Hasa_15_2013, Al-Hasa_16_2013, Al-Hasa_12_2013, Riyadh_1_2012, Riyadh_2_2012, Buraidah_1_2013, Al-Hasa_17_2013, Al-Hasa_18_2013, Al-Hasa_19_2013, Bisha_1_2012, Riyadh_3_2013, Hafr-Al-Batin_1_2013, 229E/human/USA/933-40/1993, HKU1/human/USA/HKU1-18/2010, NL63/RPTEC/2004, ATCC VR-759, Tor2, LMH03f	KC164505.2, JX869059.2, KC667074.1, KC776174.1, KF192507.1, KF186567.1*, KF186566.1, KF186565.1, KF186564.1, KF600645.1, KF600644.1, KF600627.1, KF600612.1, KF600652.1, KF600630.1, KF600647.1, KF600651.1, KF600632.1, KF600620.1, KF600613.1, KF600628.1, KF514433.1, KF430201.1, JX504050.1, NC_005147.1, NC_004718.3, EF065509.1	1a	TTATGCAAACATAGTCTACGAG CGCAAAGTTAGAAAGTGATGG	NA NA	RT-PCR	25856093
42	MERS-CoV	England 1, HCoV-EMC, England/Qatar/2012*, Jordan-N3/2012, Munich,Al-Hasa_1_2013, Al-Hasa_2_2013, Al-Hasa_3_2013, Al-Hasa_4_2013, Al-Hasa_15_2013, Al-Hasa_16_2013, Al-Hasa_12_2013, Riyadh_1_2012, Riyadh_2_2012, Buraidah_1_2013, Al-Hasa_17_2013, Al-Hasa_18_2013, Al-Hasa_19_2013, Bisha_1_2012, Riyadh_3_2013, Hafr-Al-Batin_1_2013, 229E/human/USA/933-40/1993, HKU1/human/USA/HKU1-18/2010, NL63/RPTEC/2004, ATCC VR-759, Tor2, LMH03f	KC164505.2, JX869059.2, KC667074.1, KC776174.1, KF192507.1, KF186567.1*, KF186566.1, KF186565.1, KF186564.1, KF600645.1, KF600644.1, KF600627.1, KF600612.1, KF600652.1, KF600630.1, KF600647.1, KF600651.1, KF600632.1, KF600620.1, KF600613.1, KF600628.1, KF514433.1, KF430201.1, JX504050.1, NC_005147.1, NC_004718.3, EF065509.1	1a	AAGCATTAGTGGGGGCAAGCCCCACTACTCCCATTTCG ATGCGCACTACACATACTGATATTTGTACAATCTCTTCACTACAATGA	NA NA	RT-PCR	25856093
43	MERS-CoV	HCoV-EMC	JX869059.2	N	TAATACGACTCACTATAGG GATGGCATCCCCTGCTGCACC CTAATCAGTGTTAACATCAA	NA NA	RT-LAMP	25103205
44	MERS-CoV	HCoV-EMC	JX869059.2	N	GCTCCCAGGTGGTACTTCT cagtcccctcaatgtggaag	28848-28866 29061-29042	RT-LAMP	25103205, 29763640
45	MERS-CoV	HCoV-EMC	JX869059.2	N	tcatggacccaaacgatgccatACTGGAACTGGACCCGAAG GCTCCTTCAACTTTTGGGACGCtagtaccgggcgcgaatt	28939-28918+28872-28890 28956-28977+29028-29011	RT-LAMP	25103205, 29763640
46	MERS-CoV	HCoV-EMC	JX869059.2	N	cggaatgggagtgctg GGAACCCTAACAATGATTCAGCT	28906-28891 28978-29000LB	RT-LAMP	25103205, 29763640
47	HCoV-NL63	Amsterdam I	AY567487	RdRp	ACACAGCTGAATCTTAAGTATGC TGGGATTATCCCAAATGTGA	NA NA	RT-PCR	19057882
48	HCoV-229E	229E	AF304460	RdRp	ACTCAGTTAAATCTTAAATACGC TGGGACTATCCTAAGTGTGA	NA NA	RT-PCR	19057882
49	HCoV-OC43	OC43 ATCC-VR-759	AY391777	RdRp	ACTCAAATGAATTTGAAATATGC TGGGATTATCCTAAGTGTGA	NA NA	RT-PCR	19057882
50	SARS-CoV	GD69	AY313906	RdRp	ACTCAAATGAATCTTAAGTATGC TGGGATTATCCAAAATGTGA	NA NA	RT-PCR	19057882
51	HCoV-NL63	NA	NA	1b	GTGATGCATATGCTAATTTG CTCTTGCAGGTATAATCCT	NA NA	RT-PCR	15648064, 17597481
52	HCoV-NL63	NA	NA	1b	TTGGTAAACAAAAGATAACT TCAATGCTATAAACAGTCAT	NA NA	RT-PCR	15648064, 17597481
53	HCoV-NL63	NA	NA	1a	CTTTTGATAACGGTCACTATG CTCATTACATAAAACATCAAACGG	NA NA	RT-PCR	15648064, 17597481
54	HCoV-NL63	NA	NA	1a	GGTCACTATGTAGTTTATGATG GGATTTTTCATAACCACTTAC	NA NA	RT-PCR	15648064, 17597481
55	HCoV-HKU1	HKU1	NA	NA	GTTCAAGTGTCGCTGTTCA CTATCATTATCACAATCCACAG	NA NA	RT-PCR	16267760, 17597481
56	HCoV-HKU1	HKU1	NA	NA	GGGTATGAAGTATCATCCTA GATAATCCCAACCCATAAGAAC	NA NA	RT-PCR	16267760, 17597481
57	HCoV-HKU1	HKU1	NA	NA	CATCTTATAAAGGATGTTGAC ACAAACAACCCATAAGAAC	NA NA	RT-PCR	16267760, 17597481
58	HCoV-OC43	OC43	NA	NA	GGCTTATGTGGCCCCTTACT GGCAAATCTGCCCAAGAATA	NA NA	RT-PCR	15847919, 17597481
59	HCoV-OC43	OC43	NA	NA	- CTCCAAAAACTTCCAGTTC	NA NA	RT-PCR	15847919, 17597481
60	HCoV-229E	229E	NA	NA	TGGCCCCATTAAAAATGTGT CCTGAACACCTGAAGCCAAT	NA NA	RT-PCR	15847919, 17597481
61	HCoV-229E	229E	NA	NA	CCGTATCAACACTCGTTATGTGG -	NA NA	RT-PCR	15847919, 17597481
62	HCoV-OC43	NA	NA	N	TGATCAAATTGCTAGTCTTG CTTATTCAAAATTTTCTGTCTG	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	17537928
63	HCoV-229E	NA	NA	N	ATTTCATGCTTTTGTTCTT ATAAAAAGTCAGCGAAAAC	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	17537928
64	HCoV-NL63	NA	NA	N	TGGCTTTAAAGAACTTAGG AAAGAGGCTTATTAGGTTTC	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	17537928
65	For all HCoV	NA	NA	1ab	TGATGGGATGGGACTATCCTAAGTGTGA TTGCATCACCACTAGTTGTGCCACCAGGTT	NA NA	RT-PCR	12671061, 16721849
66	For all HCoV, Human and animal coronaviruses	NA	NA	1ab	ACWCARHTVAAYYTNAARTAYGC TCRCAYTTDGGRTARTCCCA	NA NA	RT-PCR	15686594, 16721849
67	HCoV-OC43	NA	NA	N	CTTGTTCTGGCAAAACTTGGCAAGGATG CTAATTGCGCCGTTATAGCGCAATTCA	NA NA	RT-PCR	16721849
68	HCoV-229E	NA	NA	N	TAGGTTTTGACAAGCCTCAGGAAAAAGA GTGACTATCAAACAGCATAGCAGCTGT	NA NA	RT-PCR	16721849
69	HCoV-NL63	NA	NA	N	CTGTTACTTTGGCTTTAAAGAACTTAGG CTCACTATCAAAGAATAACGCAGCCTG	NA NA	RT-PCR	16721849
70	For all HCoV, Human and animal coronaviruses	NA	NA	1a	ACTCAAATGAATTTGAAATATGC TCACACTTAGGATAATCCCA	NA NA	RT-PCR	15686594, 16721849
71	HCoV-229E	NA	NA	1ab	ACTCAGTTAAATCTTAAATACGC TCACACTTAGGATAGTCCCA	NA NA	RT-PCR	15686594, 16721849
72	HCoV-NL63	NA	NA	1ab	ACACAGCTGAATCTTAAGTATGC TCACATTTGGGATAATCCCA	NA NA	RT-PCR	15686594, 16721849
73	HCoV-229E	229E ATCC-VR-740	J04419	N	AGGCGCAAGAATTCAGAACCAGAG AGCAGGACTCTGATTACGAGAAGG	498-521 806-783	Nested PCR	11515789
74	HCoV-229E	229E ATCC-VR-740	J04419	N	AACTTTGGAAGTGCAGGTGTTGTG TGGTTCAGCAGTTGCAGGTGAAGT	964-982 1262-1242	RT-PCR	11515789
75	HCoV-229E	229E ATCC-VR-740	J04419	N	CAGGACCCCATAAAGATGC AGAACGAGCAAGACTCTTGG	400-418 842-823	Nested PCR	11515789
76	HCoV-229E	229E ATCC-VR-740	J04419	N	TCTGCCAAGAGTCTTGCTCG AGCATAGCAGCTGTTGACGG	819-838 1054-1035	RT-PCR	11515789
77	HCoV-OC43	OC43 ATCC-VR-759	NA	N	CCCAAGCAAACTGCTACCTCTCAG GTAGACTCCGTCAATATCGGTGCC	215-238 520-497	RT-PCR	11515789
78	HCoV-OC43	OC43 ATCC VR-759	NA	N	GCAATCCAGTAGTAGAGCGTCC TGACATCAGCCTGGTTACTAGC	103-124 548-527	RT-PCR	11515789
79	HCoV-OC43	OC43 ATCC VR-759	NA	N	GGATGCCACTAAACCTCAGCAAG GGTGCGAGTTCTGCAAAGATGG	820-842 1035-1014	RT-PCR	11515789
80	HCoV-229E	NA	NA	N	CGTACTCCTAAGCCTTCTCG TCGACTAGGGTTAAGAAGAGG	762-782 1198-1219	RT-PCR	11483217
81	HCoV-229E	NA	NA	N	AGGCGCAAGAATTCAGAACCAGAG AGCAGGACTCTGATTACGAGAAAG	497-521 782-806	RT-PCR	11483217
82	HCoV-229E	NA	NA	M	TGGCCCCATTAAAAATGTGT CCTGAACACCTGAAGCCAAT	78-98 631-651	RT-PCR	11483217
83	HCoV-OC43	NA	NA	N	AGGAAGGTCTGCTCCTAATTC TGCAAAGATGGGGAACTGTGGG	655-677 1003-1025	RT-PCR	11483217
84	HCoV-OC43	NA	NA	N	CCCAAGCAAACTGCTACCTCTCAG GTAGACTCCGTCAATATCGGTGCC	215-239 498-522	RT-PCR	11483217
85	HCoV-OC43	NA	NA	M	GGCTTATGTGGCCCCTTACT GGCAAATCTGCCCAAGAATA	215-235 530-549	RT-PCR	11483217
86	SARS-CoV	NA	NA	S	TTGAATTGTGTGACAACCCTTTCTT CATCAGATATGTACTCGAAAGTGCAA	21865-21889 21975-21950	qPCR	16121372
87	SARS-CoV	NA	NA	M	TGTAGGCTTGATGTGGCTTAGCTA AGAATGTTTGTTTCTGGGTTGAATG	26640-26663 26735-26711	qPCR	16121372
88	SARS-CoV	NA	NA	N	ACAAACATTGGCCGCAAATT CAGCCATGTTCCCGAAGGT	29000-29019 29100-29082	qPCR	16121372
89	SARS-CoV	Urbani	AY278741	RdRp	CATGTGTGGCGGCTCACTATAT GACACTATTAGCATAAGCAGTTGTAGCA	15370-15392 15422-15449	RT-PCR	15030703
90	SARS-CoV	Urbani	AY278741	N	GGAGCCTTGAATACACCCAAAG GCACGGTGGCAGCATTG	28531-28552 28581-28597	RT-PCR	15030703
91	SARS-CoV	Urbani	AY278741	N	CAAACATTGGCCGCAAATT CAATGCGTGACATTCCAAAGA	29016-29034 29063-29083	RT-PCR	15030703
92	SARS-CoV	Urbani	AY278741	N	GAAGTACCATCTGGGGCTGAG CCGAAGAGCTACCCGACG	28432-28452 28383-28400	RT-PCR	15030703
93	SARS-CoV	Urbani	AY278741	3'UTR	AGCTCT CCCTAGCAT TAT TCACTG CACCACATTTTCATCGAGGC	29619-29642 29576-29595	RT-PCR	15030703
94	SARS-CoV	Urbani	AY278741	M	TGTAGGCACTGATTCAGGTTTTG CGGCGTGGTCTGTATTTAATTTA	26951-26973 27005-27027	RT-PCR	15030703
95	HCoV-229E	229E	Y10052	S	TGTGCCATAGARGAYWTACTTTTT AACCGCTTKYACCAKCAAYGCACA	2068-2090 2919-2896	RT-PCR	14748074
96	HCoV-229E	229E	Y10051	S	TTGTGCGCAATGTTATAAWGGYAT GATAATRTGAGTRCCATTWCCACA	2174-2197 2804-2781	Nested PCR	12436489
97	HCoV-NL63	NA	NA	RdRp	ACWCARHTVAAYYTNAARTAYGC TCRCAYTTDGGRTARTCCCA	NA NA	RT-PCR	15686594
98	HCoV-229E	229E	AF304460	RdRp	ACTCAGTTAAATCTTAAATACGC TGGGACTATCCTAAGTGTGA	NA NA	RT-PCR	15686594
99	HCoV-NL63	Amsterdam I	AY567487	RdRp	ACACAGCTGAATCTTAAGTATGC TGGGATTATCCCAAATGTGA	NA NA	RT-PCR	15686594
100	HCoV-OC43	OC43 ATCC VR-759	AY391777	RdRp	ACTCAAATGAATTTGAAATATGC TGGGATTATCCTAAGTGTGA	NA NA	RT-PCR	15686594
101	SARS-CoV	GD69	AY313906	RdRp	ACTCAAATGAATCTTAAGTATGC TGGGATTATCCAAAATGTGA	NA NA	RT-PCR	15686594
102	HCoV-NL63	NA	NA	N	CTGTTACTTTGGCTTTAAAGAACTTAGG CTCACTATCAAAGAATAACGCAGCCTG	NA NA	RT-PCR	-
103	MERS-CoV	NA	NA	E	ACGTTGGATGATGGATTAGCCTCTACRCGG ACGTTGGATGTCCTCTTCACATAATRGCCC	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	28848521
104	HCoV-NL63	NA	NA	RdRp	ACGTTGGATGTGAGAACAAGTTTGTRCCTG ACGTTGGATGTGTCAACCTGTACATTYCCC	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	28848521
105	HCoV-OC43	NA	NA	RdRp	ACGTTGGATGATGGATGTGGATACACYTCG ACGTTGGATGGAAGCTACATGCAAAYCTGG	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	28848521
106	SARS-CoV	NA	NA	RdRp	ACGTTGGATGAGAGACACTCATAGAYCCTG ACGTTGGATGGCACTTCTTTCAACTYATGG	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	28848521
107	SARS-CoV	NA	NA	E	ACGTTGGATGTAACGTACCTGTTTCTTYCG ACGTTGGATGTACTAGCGTGCCTTTGYAAG	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	28848521
108	HCoV-HKU1	NA	NA	N	ACGTTGGATGGCTAATCACCAAGCTGYCAC ACGTTGGATGGGAAACCTAGTAGGGARAGC	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	28848521
109	HCoV-229E	229E/human/USA/932-72/1993	KF514432	N	ACGTTGGATGCACTATCAACAAGCAAYGGG ACGTTGGATGATGGGCTGATGMATCRGAAC	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	28848521
110	HCoV-229E	229E/human/USA/932-72/1993	KF514432	RdRp	ACGTTGGATGGAGCGAAGCACAAATCRATC ACGTTGGATGTTTACTTGGCATGAGYGCAG	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	28848521
111	SARS-CoV	NA	NA	N	ACGTTGGATGCTGGACCACTATTGGTYTTG ACGTTGGATGTCTTGGTTCACAGCTRTCAC	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	28848521
112	MERS-CoV	NA	NA	N	ACGTTGGATGTGATGATCATGGCAACRCTG ACGTTGGATGTGTAGTTGGGATTCTTRGGG	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	28848521
113	SARS-CoV	NA	NA	1b	ACGTTGGATGGACCTTTTTWGAAACGCSCG ACGTTGGATGATTGACGCTAGCTKGTGCTG	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	28848521
114	HCoV-HKU1	NA	NA	RdRp	ACGTTGGATGTGCCACATATAGTTCYTAGG ACGTTGGATGCAATCAGCATACTCARAAAG	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	28848521
115	HCoV-NL63	NA	NA	N	ACGTTGGATGATTCCCAGGAATCTTYTCCC ACGTTGGATGGCCAACGCTCTTGAYCATTC	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	28848521
116	HCoV-OC43	NA	NA	N	ACGTTGGATGGAAGGTCTGCTCCTAYTTCC ACGTTGGATGATTGCCAGAATTGGCRCTAC	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	28848521
117	MERS-CoV	NA	NA	RdRp	ACGTTGGATGCTAATCGCCAGTACCARCAG ACGTTGGATGGCCACCRTAGAACTTRGTAG	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	28848521
118	MERS-CoV	NA	NA	1b	ACGTTGGATGATTACGGGAAGCATGYGCAC ACGTTGGATGCATTACTCGTGAAGAYGCTG	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	28848521
119	MERS-CoV	NA	NA	1a	GCCTACTTTGGATGTGAGG acaacgaactctcccaca	1572-1590 1753-1736	RT-LAMP	29763640
120	MERS-CoV	NA	NA	1a	taaagatggagtctccaatccttgaAAGGTACTATGTACTTTGTGCC GTACTGGCTCTTGGAACAAGGagttaagggaatgctgagt	1656-1632+1591-1612 1663-1683+1734-1716	RT-LAMP	29763640
121	MERS-CoV	NA	NA	1a	acaacagacttagctctag GGTCACTCAAATTGCTAACATG	1612-1630 1682-1703	RT-LAMP	29763640
122	Universal	NA	NA	1ab	GGKTGGGAYTAYCCKAARTG TGYTGTSWRCARAAYTCRTG	NA NA	Nested PCR	21957308
123	Universal	NA	NA	1ab	GGTTGGGACTATCCTAAGTGTGA CCAACAYTTNGARTCWGCCAT	NA NA	Nested PCR	21957308
124	Alphacoronavirus	NA	NA	1ab	TGTGAAGGCCTTACAGCGTC AGAGCCACAWACAACACACA	NA NA	RT-PCR	28710271
125	Alphacoronavirus	NA	NA	1ab	TGATGCAGCTGTYARAGACTTC CCAGAAGTCGTACCACCAGG	NA NA	RT-PCR	28710271
126	Betacoronavirus 1	NA	NA	1ab	AGACATCGTCCCCATCCATC AGCTACACGTGGTGTTCCTG	NA NA	RT-PCR	28710271
127	Betacoronavirus 1	NA	NA	1ab	CATATCATCCCAGCCGCCAT CATATCATCCCAGCCGCCAT	NA NA	RT-PCR	28710271
128	Betacoronavirus 1	NA	NA	1ab	CCGCTTGTTATAGCCGCAAC AGCGCTACTGAGTTTGCAGA	NA NA	RT-PCR	28710271
129	Betacoronavirus 1	NA	NA	S	GTGAGCACTGTTCGGGTCTT AGCAATGCTGGTTCGGAAGA	NA NA	RT-PCR	28710271
130	Betacoronavirus 1	NA	NA	S	ATGGCATTGGGATACAG TAATGGAGAGGGCACCGACTT	NA NA	RT-PCR	28710271
131	Betacoronavirus 1	NA	NA	S	TAATGGAGAGGGCACCGACTT GCAGGACAAGTGCCTATACC	NA NA	RT-PCR	28710271
132	SARS-CoV	NA	NA	1ab	AGTTGAGGTGGTCGACAAGT GCAGTGGTAGCATCTCCTGA	NA NA	RT-PCR	28710271
133	SARS-CoV	Sino1, Tor2, Urbani	AY485277, AY274119, AY278741	S	TCTGCAACCTGAGCTTGACT ACAGAAGCRTTAATGCCTGA	NA NA	RT-PCR	28220326
134	MERS-CoV	THA-CU, Jeddah, KOR-NIH	KT225476, KF958702, KT029139	S	CAGACAACCATTCAGAARGTTA TTTAGAACAAAACTGGCCATA	NA NA	RT-PCR	28220326
135	HCoV-229E	229E	NA	M	TGAAGATGCTTGTACTGTGGCT CTGTCATGTTGCTCATGGGG	NA NA	Multiplex RT-qPCR	27886052
136	HCoV-229E	229E	NA	M	AGATGCTTGTACTGTGGCTTCT CATGTTGCTCATGGGGGAGC	NA NA	Multiplex RT-qPCR	27886052
137	HCoV-229E	229E	NA	M	TGCTTGTACTGTGGCTTCTTTG GTCATGTTGCTCATGGGGGAG	NA NA	Multiplex RT-qPCR	27886052
138	HCoV-OC43	OC43	NA	N	ATGTCAATACCCCGGCTGAC GGCTCTACTACGCGATCCTG	NA NA	Multiplex RT-qPCR	27886052
139	HCoV-OC43	OC43	NA	N	CTATCTGGGAACAGGACCGC TTGGGTCCCGATCGACAATG	NA NA	Multiplex RT-qPCR	27886052
140	HCoV-OC43	OC43	NA	N	ATTGTCGATCGGGACCCAAG TGTGCGCGAAGTAGATCTGG	NA NA	Multiplex RT-qPCR	27886052
141	HCoV-NL63	NL63	NA	N	GATAACCAGTCGAAGTCACCTAGTTC ATTAGGAATCAATTCAGCAAGCTGTG	NA NA	Multiplex RT-qPCR	27886052
142	HCoV-HKU1	HKU1	NA	N	AGGCTCAGGAAGGTCTGCTT TTAGGAGTTCGCTTTTGGCGA	NA NA	Multiplex RT-qPCR	27886052
143	HCoV-HKU1	HKU1	NA	N	AGAGGCAGAAAAACCCAACCTA TCCCTTGACGAAACATCGGA	NA NA	Multiplex RT-qPCR	27886052
144	HCoV-HKU1	HKU1	NA	N	AGGCAGAAAAACCCAACCTAA CCCTTGACGAAACATCGGAG	NA NA	Multiplex RT-qPCR	27886052
145	HCoV-NL63	NL63	DQ445911, DQ445912, AY567487, NC 005831, JQ765566, JQ765564, JQ765568, JQ765570, JQ765572, JQ765574, JQ765565, JQ765563, JQ765567, JQ765571, JQ765569, JQ765575, JQ765573	NA	AAACCTCGTTGGAAGCGTGT CTGTGGAAAACCTTTGGCATC	NA NA	qPCR	23219933
146	HCoV-HKU1	HKU1	HM034837, AY597011, DQ415914, DQ415912, DQ415910, DQ415908, DQ415906, DQ415904, DQ415902, DQ415900, DQ415898, DQ415896, DQ415913, DQ415911, DQ415909, DQ415907, DQ415905, DQ415903, DQ415901, DQ415899	NA	CTGGTACGATTTTGCCTCAA CAATCACGTGGACCCAATAAT	NA NA	Qpcr	23219933
147	HCoV-OC43	NA	NA	NA	TATGTTAGGCCGATAATTGAGGACTIIIIIACTCTGACGG GTAATTACCGACTTTGGACTTAACATIIIIIGCAAAACCAC	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	17287288
148	HCoV-OC43	NA	NA	NA	TATGTTAGGCCGATAATTGAGGACTACTTTACTCTGACGG GTAATTACCGACTTTGGACTTAACATAAACAGCAAAACCAC	NA NA	Multiplex PCR	17287288
149	HCoV-NL63	NL63	NC_005831	1b	GTGATGCATATGCTAATTTG CTCTTGCAGGTATAATCCTA	15974-15993 16191-16210	Nested RT-PCR	15034574, 15648064
150	HCoV-NL63	NL63	NC_005831	1b	TTGGTAAACAAAAGATAACT TCAATGCTATAAACAGTCAT	16013-16032 16162-16181	Nested RT-PCR	15034574, 15648064
151	HCoV-NL63	NL63	NC_005831	1a	CTTTTGATAACGGTCACTATG CTCATTACATAAAACATCAAACGG	5778-5798 6593-6616	Nested RT-PCR	15034574, 15648064
152	HCoV-NL63	NL63	NC_005831	1a	GGTCACTATGTAGTTTATGATG GGATTTTTCATAACCACTTAC	5789-5810 6293-6313	Nested RT-PCR	15034574, 15648064
153	HCoV-229E	229E	AF304460	N	CAGTCAAATGGGCTGATGCA CGCCTAACACCGTAACCTGT	25693-25712 26022-26041	Nested RT-PCR	14767819, 15648064
154	HCoV-OC43	OC43	AF39177	N	CGATGAGGCTATTCCGACTAGGT CTTGCTGAGGTTTAGTGGCAT	29607-29629 29843-2986	Nested RT-PCR	15648064
155	SARS-CoV	NA	NA	RdRp	CAGAGCCATGCCTAACATG AATGTTTCAGCAGGTAAGCG	NA NA	convential block PCR	12671061, 15994050
156	SARS-CoV	NA	NA	RdRp	ATGAATTACCAGTCAATGGTTAC CATAACCAGTCGGTACAGCTAC	NA NA	convential block PCR	12690091, 15994050
157	SARS-CoV	NA	NA	RdRp	GAAGCTATTCGTCACGTTCG CTGTAGAAAATCCTAGCTGGAG	NA NA	Nested PCR	12690091, 15994050
158	SARS-CoV	NA	NA	RdRp	TACACACCTCAGCGTTG CACGAACGTGACGAAT	NA NA	convential block PCR	12711465, 15994050
159	SARS-CoV	NA	NA	RdRp	CACCGTTTCTACAGGTTAGCTAACGA AAATGTTTACGCAGGTAAGCGTAAAA	NA NA	convential block PCR	15994050
160	SARS-CoV	NA	NA	RdRp	CACACCGTTTCTACAGGTTAGCT GCCACACATGACCATCTCACTTAAT	NA NA	RT-PCR	15994050
161	SARS-CoV	NA	NA	N	ACCAGAATGGAGGACGCAATG GCTGTGAACCAAGACGCAGTATTAT	NA NA	RT-PCR	15994050
162	SARS-CoV	NA	NA	N	TGAATACACCCAAAGACCAC TGATGAGGAGCGAGAAGAG	NA NA	RT-PCR	15994050
163	SARS-CoV	BJ01	AY278488	1a	TCCTGGTTTACTGGCTACAA CTTCACAACAGCCTCTGCTA	NA NA	Taqman RT-nested PCR	15109816
164	SARS-CoV	BJ01	AY278488	1a	AGAATCACATTTGAGCTTGATG CACATGCAAACTCAGTAACTTC	NA NA	Taqman RT-nested PCR	15109816
165	SARS-CoV	BJ01	AY278488	1a	GCAAACCTGTGCCATATTGT CACAGAAAACTCCTGATAGAGC	NA NA	Taqman RT-nested PCR	15109816
166	SARS-CoV	BJ01	AY278488	1a	GTTATGTGCTGATGGATGGTTC ACCACTGGTAGATAGGCAAATAC	NA NA	Taqman RT-nested PCR	15109816
167	SARS-CoV	BJ01	AY278488	1b	TATAAGCTCGAGGGCTATGC TTGCGCATCTGTTATGAAGT	NA NA	Taqman RT-nested PCR	15109816
168	SARS-CoV	BJ01	AY278488	1b	GACAACTTGGCGGTCTTC TTCACTGTGCTGTCCATAGG	NA NA	Taqman RT-nested PCR	15109816
169	SARS-CoV	BJ01	AY278488	S	CAAAACCCCAACTTTGAAAT CAGAGGTGGCAACACTGTAA	NA NA	Taqman RT-nested PCR	15109816
170	SARS-CoV	BJ01	AY278488	S	TCTTTTATTGAGGACTTGCTCT ACTTCTGCGCACAAATGAG	NA NA	Taqman RT-nested PCR	15109816
171	SARS-CoV	BJ01	AY278488	S	CTAATCAGGGCTGCTGAAAT ACACCTTCACGAGGGAAGTA	NA NA	Taqman RT-nested PCR	15109816
172	SARS-CoV	BJ01	AY278488	S	GAAAGGGCTACCACCTTATG TGTGGTGAAGTTCCTCTCCT	NA NA	Taqman RT-nested PCR	15109816
173	SARS-CoV	BJ01	AY278488	E	TTTCGGAAGAAACAGGTACG TCTGCCATGATAAGCAATGT	NA NA	Taqman RT-nested PCR	15109816
174	SARS-CoV	BJ01	AY278488	E	CACACTAGCCATCCTTACTGC TTTAACACGCGAGTAGACGTA	NA NA	Taqman RT-nested PCR	15109816
175	SARS-CoV	BJ01	AY278488	M	AACTCCTGGAACAATGGAAC TAAGCCACATCAAGCCTACA	NA NA	Taqman RT-nested PCR	15109816
176	SARS-CoV	BJ01	AY278488	M	TTCCTAGCCTGGATTATGTT AGCACAAAACAAGCAAGTGT	NA NA	Taqman RT-nested PCR	15109816
177	SARS-CoV	BJ01	AY278488	N	GATAATGGACCCCAATCAAA ATTTGGTCATCTGGACCACT	NA NA	Taqman RT-nested PCR	15109816
178	SARS-CoV	BJ01	AY278488	N	CCCACAGATTCAACTGACAA TGTGAACCAAGACGCAGTAT	NA NA	Taqman RT-nested PCR	15109816
179	SARS-CoV	BJ01	AY278488	N	AGCCCCAGATGGTACTTCTA AATTACCGCGACTACGTGAT	NA NA	Taqman RT-nested PCR	15109816
180	SARS-CoV	BJ01	AY278488	N	AACTGAGGGAGCCTTGAATA GGCAATGTTGTTCCTTGAG	NA NA	Taqman RT-nested PCR	15109816
181	SARS-CoV	BJ01	AY278488	3'UTR	GGCAGATGGGCTATGTAAAC TTCCATATAGGCAGCTCTCC	NA NA	Taqman RT-nested PCR	15109816
182	SARS-CoV	BJ01	AY278488	3'UTR	TGCAGAATGAATTCTCGTAACT CAAGTCCTCCCTAATGTTACAC	NA NA	Taqman RT-nested PCR	15109816
183	HCoV-229E	NA	NA	N	CAGTCAAATGGGCTGATGCA AAAGGGCTATAAAGAGAATAAGGTATTCT	154-173 230-201	RT-PCR	-
184	HCoV-OC43	NA	NA	N	CGATGAGGCTATTCCGACTAGGT CCTTCCTGAGCCTTCAATATAGTAACC	577-599 652-626	RT-PCR	-
185	HCoV-OC43	NA	NA	N	CCCAAGCAAACTGCTACCTCTCAG GTAGACTCCGTCAATATCGGTGCC	215-238 497-520	RT-PCR	10982334
186	HCoV-OC43	NA	NA	N	CATCAGGAGGGAATGTTGTACC TACTGGTCTTTAGCATGCGGTC	243-264 474-495	RT-PCR	10982334
187	HCoV-OC43	NA	NA	N	GGATGCCACTAAACCTCAGCAAG GGTGCGAGTTCTGCAAAGATGG	920-942 1114-1135	RT-PCR	10982334
188	HCoV-229E	NA	NA	N	TCTGCCAAGAGTCTTGCTCG AGCATAGCAGCTGTTGACGG	819-838 1035-1054	RT-PCR	10982334
189	HCoV-229E	NA	NA	N	CAAAAGAACAAAAGCATGAAATCG GCTCAGCAAATTGTGGATAGC	856-879 1009-1029	RT-PCR	10982334
190	HCoV-229E	NA	NA	N	TCAGAACTAGAAAGGGCAAACGG GGGAGCTTTTGATTGAAGTGTGG	337-359 525-547	RT-PCR	10982334
191	HCoV-229E	NA	NA	N	GGTACTCCTAAGCCTTCTCG TGCACTAGGGTTAATGAAGAGG	NA NA	Nested PCR	7877631
192	HCoV-229E	NA	NA	N	TTTGGAAGTGCAGGTGTTGTGG GACTATCAAACAGCATAGCAGC	NA NA	Nested PCR	7877631
193	HCoV-OC43	NA	NA	N	AGGAAGGTCTGCTCCTAATTCC TGCAAAGATGGGGAACTGTGGG	NA NA	Nested PCR	7877631
194	HCoV-OC43	NA	NA	N	GTTCTGGCAAAACTTGGCAAGG TTATTGGGGCTCCTCTTCTGGC	NA NA	Nested PCR	7877631

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